An interactive history • 1789—1815

Napoleon’s Europe

01 / 12 chapters

Chapter 01The world before Napoleon

A Revolution begins

1789Lieutenant
← → to travel
Geographic map of Europe in 1789Real coastlines and country geometry are used as the base for the historical French control, alliance, enemy and battle layers.BRITAINFRANCESPAINPORTUGALLOW COUNTRIESGERMAN STATESPRUSSIAPOLISH LANDSAUSTRIARUSSIAN EMPIREITALYOTTOMAN EMPIREATLANTIC OCEANMEDITERRANEAN SEAGEOGRAPHY: NATURAL EARTH · HISTORICAL LAYERS: INTERPRETIVE
FranceFrench Empire — directly ruled
French Empire — directClient state — not FranceAlly — not FranceCoalition enemyNeutral

Read the whole arc

From artillery officer to emperor—and back to a single island

The map separates direct French administration from allied and client states. That distinction matters: Napoleon’s greatest reach was a system of control, family monarchies, coerced alliances and occupation—not one continuous France.

RiseTalent, speed and political instinct

Toulon and Italy made the reputation; Brumaire converted it into power.

RuleConquest plus institutions

The Civil Code, departments and central administration travelled with the armies.

FallOverreach and coalition learning

Spain drained the empire; Russia broke the army; Leipzig united its enemies.